Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience developmental differences, encompassing their social, emotional, communication, cognitive, and physical achievements, which may vary from those of neurotypical individuals. However, labeling these variances as developmental delays oversimplifies the diverse range of development in autistic individuals. Many autistic children meet certain developmental milestones on time or even ahead of schedule, sometimes remarkably so. Conversely, some individuals may achieve milestones later, regress over time, or not develop certain skills at all. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of developmental milestones and their significance in the lives of autistic children. It highlights specific traits to observe, while also highlighting the misleading nature of perceiving delays in individuals who simply acquire knowledge and navigate life in unique ways.
What Do Developmental Milestones Entail?
We can categorize developmental milestones into different domains: physical/movement, cognitive, communication/language, and social/emotional. Within each age group, ranging from 1 month to adolescence, they outline specific levels of attainment.
Although they acknowledge that children may not achieve specific milestones at the exact age specified, they advise parents to monitor their child’s progress to ensure they are meeting or approaching the expected milestones. Diagnosis of autism in most children typically occurs during early childhood, often by the age of 3. Below are some samples of milestones:
- Attention increases
- Joins and play with other children
- Names an action that is happening in a book or picture
- Can have a conversation with people
- Being to say words or his/her name
- Copies shapes and letters
What Causes Children to Fall Behind in Developmental Milestones?
- Although early medical issues can hinder development, most children can catch up to their peers of the same age.
- Specific correctable obstacles, like hearing difficulties, can impede early development but have minimal long-term effects once addressed.
- Boys usually develop slower compared to girls but eventually catchup.
- Children who are born prematurely may miss milestones
- Children possess individual differences and naturally progress at varied rates of development.
Indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Presence of Developmental Delays
- Struggles with basic toys (such as pegboards, simple puzzles, or turning handles)
- Does not react to name by 9 months old
- Lacks facial expressions (like displaying sadness, anger, or happiness) by 9 months old
- Displays minimal or no gestures (such as waving goodbye) by 12 months old
- Doesn’t make eye contact
- Fails to engage in pretend play or make-believe by 48 months old
- Fails to participate in simple interactive games like pat-a-cake by 12 months old
- Does not demonstrate awareness of other children or engage in play with them by 36 months old
- Lacks shared interests with others by 15 months old
- Exhibits highly specific and repetitive behaviors or interests
- Fails to sing, dance, or perform for you by 60 months old
- Experiences regression and loses previously acquired skills
When Your Child Exhibits Developmental Delays
If you suspect your child is experiencing developmental delays and potentially has autism, it is crucial to take proactive steps. Request that your child’s healthcare provider conduct screenings for delays, focusing particularly on social, communication, and emotional skills.
In the event that your intuition proves unfounded, you can dismiss the possibility of a diagnosis. However, if your child does exhibit developmental delays, you have taken swift action to uncover the underlying causes and explore appropriate interventions to support their progress.